Personal Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Interpretation - Essay Example From this conversation it is clear thatâ the history of Hawaii gives us much data with respect to the antiquated legends and courageous women of the Land and their commitments in the land. Notwithstanding, the parentage of these individuals additionally gives us increasingly fundamental data in regards to the historical backdrop of these individuals and the achievements in their history. Kamulipo helped especially in representing the parentage and Cosmology of these individuals. Appropriate examination of the ancient pieces of the Hawaiian people gives a record that their ways of thinking nearly exceeded the Western methods of reasoning. Their religion uncovers to be similarly as valuable as the Western Religion. This exposition announces that the Queen of Hawaii presents similar concerns. In the article, we come to understand the significance of receptiveness. Through the works, we come to understand the achievements of the Hawaiian masses. We come to understand the hugeness of [ personal personality towards progress. The past might be a somber however with the acknowledgment of the worries about a person’s inception; we understand that the future turns out to be exceptionally brilliant. The Hawaiian history appears to have been loaded with high points and low points that required numerous spirits looking before any choices were made. The People perceived the significance of tolerating and obliging their standards in a manner that advances society cohesion. The works did an exceptionally basic work in giving the examination of culture in individuals. The works unmistakably presents to us the criticalness of one’s culture and tradition.â Â

Do Science And Technology Provide A Solid free essay sample

Base For Technocracy Essay, Research Paper To answer this request one should initially comprehend that each politico-monetary political direction, similar to each profound conviction, announces that it has the one genuine way of thinking and that all others are completely extraordinary or at inverse terminals. Much of the time people participate in intentional relationship to move upon those assessments, musings or convictions which they hold in like manner. These assessments, contemplations or convictions may or may non be founded on realities and consequently most end with dark outcomes. Anyway one time considerations have solidified into composed activity little request is raised to their possibility or adjustment to actuality. Definitively the point of the gathering is either abdominal muscle initio or at long last the outcome of by means of media being either truly restricted or truly broad in run. This clarifies the ineffectiveness of the passionate assault and the political speculation does non satisfactorily determine the endeavor. The terminal result is the contriving of a mountain out of a molehill where the emphasize is on the overstatement and reduplication of minor contrasts while ignoring what they share for all intents and purpose. We will compose a custom article test on Do Science And Technology Provide A Solid or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Technocracy shares one individual part in that it is subject to the willful relationship of people moving upon specific considerations whereupon they are in comprehension. Generally it contrasts from all other cultural movements since its regular considerations are non the result of logical comprehension. Technocracy does in certainty in principle request logical control and building to be founded on, yet it is this logical order and designing that the open neglects and expect it as built building. Thoughts of innovation are in actuality in our castanetss and part of human instinct and experience ( Petroski foreword ) . This announcement by Petroski is the truly balance of technocracy. With it one can guarantee that No, Science and Technology do non gracefully a base for Technocracy yet to be a technocrat is to be human. On the off chance that we consider popular government or some other way of thinking and contrast it and this declaration so we may reason that one in their ordinary life is progressively arranged to be a technocrat so a Democrat ( Petroski 16 ) . Innovation and Engineers, we may assume incorporate each single and each imagined that fits the gainful incline in the way of life of people. Along these lines grasping non just researchers and applied researchers however alongside teachers and specialists in segments that are remotely vital for the activity of a cultural standard. O Ne may reason upon the disappointments of applied researchers and expansionists in the field of building since forever yet ignore the triumphs. However these triumphs and the comfort that these extensions give, contends Petroski are meriting trying into sing the peril related with them when one gauges the hindrance society would be confronted with, had these growths non been made ( Petroski 61 ) . The surrender of the Mianus River Bridge in Connecticut can be known as a disaster of innovation plans, each piece great as the Hyatt Regency Walkways and every single other fiasco ( Petroski 94-97 ) and without a vulnerability they were. Yet, when one ganders at the plain deformities in the plan it is non hard to asseverate a level of obligation to the client, the administrator and the customer of the building. The imperfections in the structure engineer us towards a superior arrangement ( Petroski 57 ) . Should we contrast this situation with a financial disaster much like the ongoing crash of the Indonesian monetary framework, it would put the implication of a calamity towards the framework in power, the majority rule government and the mechanical assembly of the monetary foundation. This and some other political disappointment would take us to assume that states dependent on organization that are plutocratic in nature ought to be destroyed and reassembled following an effective l ineation for a specialists as any structure dependent on abrupt bombed plans ought to be recreated ( Graham 81 ) . Science and Technology are in actuality the plans whereupon Technocracy bases itself. They are the advancing hands to this new cultural request sabotaging the antediluvian signifier of Politico-Economic guideline over society by the magnates. The frameworks misuse of unreplaceable regular and HR, of air and H2O contamination and more awful corruption to these assets to follow, offer no alternative. The useful populace of the universe are non needfully prepared to state individuals what to make however. The developing of technocracy has followed obviously upon the arrangement of normal contemplations dependent on realities. Development by such techniques has been moderate however it has been a particular system that will ensure a position of the sort required. The American Nation was established on the reason that each grown-up male has the option to life, self-governance and the pursuit of felicity. Technocracy intensifies this unique reason and puts together it with respect to the i nterest to indict that in which we are obviously as human presences slanted, innovation ( Petroski foreword ) .

Critical analysis of I heard a fly buzz; Wounded deer; and From cocoon Research Paper

Basic examination of I heard a fly buzz; Wounded deer; and From cover forward a butterfly by Emily Dickinson - Research Paper Example Her anxiety with these issues and the outflows of her judgment that she has made in her own exceptionally individualistic colloquialism has presumably prompted the characterization of quite a bit of her verse as otherworldly. (Humiliata, 144) The work and life of Emily Dickinson got known to the world after her demise. She had a separated existence and her work is formed by her individualistic reasoning. She for the most part frets about topics of: life, passing, material and unimportant things, especially in ‘I heard a Fly buzz’; ‘Wounded deer’; and ‘From cover forward a butterfly’. The running them in ‘I heard a fly buzz’ is demise and the groundbreaking experience during the last breaths of life. It is an encounter of passing on and feeling the last leftovers of life. Life is related with the humming sound of a fly brief living article. Despite the fact that everything is still around her; yet it feels as though she is encircled by a tempest. The humming sound of the fly is diverged from â€Å"heaves of storm† (4). Dickinson utilizes difference to improve the different topics in her verse. The fly is moving while at the same time everything else in the room is still. She doesn’t represent the people present around her deathbed however centers around their feelings of pain. She does so deliberately so she could increase the impact of the disclosure of the lord in power. ‘King’ could be anything-Christian God, or Death.... Regardless of whether life is insignificant as for death or supernatural it doesn’t let go that without any problem. The writer can feel life till the last second. In the last refrain, she represents light as life and obscurity as death and the greatness from light to dimness is continuous and effortless. The writer is engrossed with subjects of life and passing in this sonnet. â€Å"Death was critical to Emily Dickenson. Out of somebody thousand and 700 sonnets, maybe some ‘five to six hundred’ are worried about the subject of death...† (Nesteruk, 25-43) The primary line of the sonnet alarms the peruser: ‘I heard a fly buzz when I died;† (1) since this announcement clearly doesn’t bode well (nobody can feel anything once dead). Yet, the thought behind this is to clarify the solid association of life that an individual encounters till the last second. This sonnet is tied in with feeling that second where life and demise mediate. Demise is related with force, quietness, and dimness. Sound and pictorial symbolism is dealt with gently in this sonnet. The expression ‘see to see’ is additionally the finish of the poem’s complex sound play. It echoes the reiteration of ‘stillness’ in refrain 1, and it is the remainder of the arrangement of sibilants, or murmuring sounds (s, sh, z) that go through the sonnet, developing to the Fly’s ‘buzz’... ... While there are the individuals who consider fly to be an announcement of skepticism that disparages the thought that demise is amazing quality, others consider the to be as progressively equivocal. For all its careless vulnerability, the fly is an image of visually impaired, tenacious life, and thusly, worth sticking to until the exceptionally last moment of cognizance. (Leiter, 104) ‘A injured deer’ is an account of a tracker that discloses to the artist how an injured deer carries on when

Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy

Synopsis and CRITIQUE OF: â€Å"Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy† (by David Callahan) In â€Å"Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy,† creator David Callahan clarifies the major explanations behind the rot of basic business morals in today’s economy so as to satisfy primary concern guidelines. Callahan makes determinations from regular organizations, for example, auto repairman administrations, law workplaces, and even proficient clinical firms to demonstrate that individuals will quite often pick money related soundness over respectability. The monetary life in America has changed itself into a huge place where there is experts centered around accomplishing â€Å"lean and mean† organizations in endeavors to accomplish the â€Å"American Dream,† yet fundamentally lose feeling of their ethics. What happens when a representative is carrying on with a standard existence with an occupation scarcely getting them by? Administrators at corporate home office choose to send down another arrangement of walking orders that drill representatives with twice as much work for a strongly diminished base compensation. Those walking orders have instituted the term primary concern guidelines. American organizations have become exceptionally serious today in a market that is continually switching to stay aware of another age of thoughts. These changes in the economy have made organizations take various techniques for activities to be serious in the market. In the 1970’s Sears ruled as one of America’s notable retailers and formed mainstream society. As the market of interest turned out to be increasingly serious, Sears’ profit started tumbling off the market. So as to jump on the financial exchange, Sears needed to eliminate 48,000 positions and systematized another remuneration framework (Callahan 31). As Sears set their new primary concern norms to build effectiveness, it created scene from the workers. The requests of the organization at last subverted the trustworthiness of their laborers. The strain to settle on terrible moral decisions at work had representatives â€Å"torn between moral trustworthiness, losing [their] occupation, and attempting to make sense of how to function this out† (Callahan 31). Workers of organizations with primary concern principles were confronted with another choice at edge which made making the best decision harder: endure a compensation cut and hazard losing their employment or cheat the client. Not amazingly, the representative would quite often pick their monetary solidness over their honesty. It is as yet difficult to state that the employee’s cognizant didn’t caution them of the dangers, the first run through. It starts with only a basic overhaul adjust and afterward streams to $1,000 in new car parts. On the off chance that we glance back at the Sear’s auto technician model, a repairman could undoubtedly persuade the client that their vehicle required a totally different framework as a result of the customer’s absence of information regarding the matter. The client consequently accept there is an ensured trust duty to their administration, yet thus gets tricked. The proof uncovered by specialists discovered about indistinguishable reports of cheating at one Sears auto mechanics shop after another. The craft of trickery assumed a key job in tricking clients. The â€Å"ordinary people† at the New York City law offices were limited by a vow to withstand a thorough code of morals (Callahan 33). In spite of the fact that these attorneys managed lawful undertakings of America’s biggest organizations, they were confronted with not meeting year end charging necessities. In the most urgent instances of being cut back, attorneys went to cushioning their hours by just creation up the numbers. They gathered together their hours and included different hours which was portrayed as the â€Å"new math† (Callahan 39). â€Å"Let me disclose to you how you will begin acting unethically†¦One day, not very long after you begin specializing in legal matters, you will take a seat toward the finish of a long, tiring day, and you just won’t have a lot to appear for your endeavors as far as billable hours†¦so what you’ll do is cushion your time sheet only a bit†¦However you will guarantee yourself that you will reimburse the customer at the primary open door by completing thirty minutes for the customer for ‘free. Along these lines, you will be ‘borrowin,’ not stealing,† (Schlitz qtd. in Callahan 39). Responsibilities to satisfying main concern guidelines and avarice have become bearings of subverting trustworthiness of even the most confided in calling: clinical specialists. Clinical experts start taking part in staggered sh owcasing organizations, for example, the Wellness International Network (WIN), which direct wholesalers to sell their company’s item at any degree. By gaining cash off of new wholesalers, this staggered showcasing turned into a fraudulent business model for devastation. Report peg the offer of wellbeing supplements by specialists at about $200 million of every 2001, a ten times increment from 1997. An expected 20,000 specialists are currently selling supplements from their workplaces, more than twofold the quantity of five years ago† (Callahan 49). These sorts of insider exchanging inside their workplaces conflict with the American Medical Association rules that â€Å"doctors must guarantee that the cases supporting any items they offer to patients are ‘scientifically substantial and upheld up by peer assessed writing and other impartial logical sources’† (Callahan 49). They unmistakably preclude the trading of clinical gear, yet the benefit is unreasonably stupendous for the specialists to leave behind. Those in the clinical calling contend that they resort to such choices to pay for their obligation installments and the board. Remarks, for example, â€Å"I was accustomed to following specialists advice†¦Doctors have the preparation, so you’ve got the chance to regard their expertise† (Cumminskey qtd. in Callahan 48) demonstrate that specialists hold an elevated level of regard for their calling, yet it reduces as outrages of trickery are discharged to people in general. In Steven Messner’s and Richard Rosenfeld’s article A Society Organized for Crime, they clarify that people’s conduct towards satisfying primary concern guidelines is to satisfy the American Dream. They express that the American Dream is a belief system that â€Å"people are associated to acknowledge the allure of tightening the objective of material achievement, and they are urged to accept that the progressions of the Dream are adequately high to legitimize a proceeded with pledge to this social goal† (Messner 6). By and large, accomplishment in today’s society is characterized by money related and material increases. In this way individuals are happy to go at any measure to make that progress. The two articles clarify how wrongdoing and misconduct emerge from financial questions that are settled with exploitative conduct. The current issue is the way that these issues can't be unraveled in traditional manners, yet just by working around the framework to delude their clients. Callahan’s article fortifies these mainstream ideas that wrongdoing isn't generally purposeful, however a methods for overcoming little obstructions in life in an untrustworthy issue. These criminal operations start as little trivial biased exercises and afterward sprout to regular schedules that are acknowledged inside their business network. Callahan additionally causes us to rethink the intensity of more significant position authority figures that purposely approve and for the most part advance this untrustworthy conduct. This returns us to the familiar axiom, okay hop off a bluff if everybody did? The appropriate response is yes. In every one of the three of the cases, individual issues about cheating were set aside in light of the fact that â€Å"everyone was doing it. † I found these readings truly fascinating and applicable to the subject of wrongdoing and misconduct. Callahan works admirably of clarifying the impacts of main concerns norms on individuals and the economy. I totally concur with his point of view that picking prudent dependability over uprightness will get an individual closer to the American Dream at that point losing their employment. It represents an ethical issue, yet in this century you can’t live on just uprightness. The pitiful truth is individuals gain trustworthiness from their fiscal and material riches. I trust Callahan could truly develop this theme by looking further into the mental point of view of satisfying main concern guidelines so as to show signs of improvement comprehension of what experiences a person’s mind when choosing to conflict with their ethics. KEY POINTS, ISSUES, AND QUESTIONS:Doing the correct thing gets more earnestly as the weight between money related security and respectability is put on the line.The round of hustling becomes ordinary information that ethical morals are totally put aside. The American Dream makes individuals act unreasonably, yet all things considered their exploitative demonstration animate the economy.Question: What are the ramifications of Callahan’s work for finding cheating in a primary concern economy? Question: What are the mental parts of conflicting with ethics to bamboozle individuals ?

Advertising: the Magazine Game Informer

Source an ad for Old Spice got my attention. The explanation behind this was on the grounds that it was huge scope, in your face, and took up two pages. The way that this promotion set up and strengthened the brand name was shrewd. The promotion utilized unbiased, warm inviting hues, for example, dull orange, and blue with intense white content. This is by all accounts a run of the mill old zest advertisement in my eyes. I state this on the grounds that the manner in which old zest depicts its self is clever and yet, indeed genuinely manly.This is a conspicuous point, on the grounds that in the include the man is canvassed in the old flavor frothing body wash while riding a goliath crow away from the nightfall while being struck by lighting. This makes a strong point that it is the masculine of manliest body washes. This is clear on the grounds that no normal man could handle riding a goliath crow just as a significant lightning strike all while canvassed in a frothy cover of body wa sh. With regards to the topic of what I think they are attempting to make, I accept they are attempting to depict this unrivaled man of men image.I am ready to connect this advertisement with others that I have seen for old zest in a similar way. For example, a business I recollect about â€Å"the man that your man could smell like† the trademark of the promotion is that â€Å"We're not saying this body wash will make your man into a sentimental tycoon fly military pilot, however we are intimating it. † This strengthens my point that the organization Old Spice is attempting to make a prevalent picture that their body wash speaks to. Back to the magazine promotion, I feel that making this prevalent picture targets youthful just as more established men.They seem cool to a more youthful age gathering while likewise focusing on an increasingly middle age bunch that speaks to all that they could have been in their lives, yet can be by utilizing their body wash so as hinted in the business I discussed already. The arrangement of this promotion in the magazine is more towards the end. The promotion itself is sketched out by a white fringe, which supplements the striking huge white content. The man riding the huge winged animal takes up one page while a nearby of the keeps an eye on face takes up the different half.This is significant in light of the fact that I accept that they are attempting to show what the man is equipped for by giving him riding the fowl while holding the body wash, while on the other portion of the advertisement they show a nearby of his face, which shows certainty. You can tell this by his outward appearance. He appears to be thoughtful yet in addition genuine simultaneously. While then again he is riding the flying creature with a shouting face, for example, competitors do when they are getting â€Å"pumped† up. This is important on the grounds that this is a NFL embraced ad.I accept this can likewise depict different side s to the body wash, for example, sure and active yet in addition sympathetic. This may likewise have to do with the fragrance â€Å"showtime† that they are promoting. Which presumably has to do with importance business. This promotion impacts me, and draws in me to their item since I feel that this aroma will cause me to feel as though I am increasingly certain and prepared for business, or â€Å"showtime. † This is something that is critical to numerous individuals just as me.If I am liking myself and how I smell, I might be progressively adept to be all the more cordial and feeling better consistently or night. I feel like individuals are searching for items that give them more drive. I state this since that is something that I search for, for example, more intrigue and certainty. Generally, I accept that this promotion is attempting to force the â€Å"coolness† that everybody needs. They can do this by indicating two unique sides of an individual through this two page-spreading over promotion planned around the fragrance â€Å"showtime. This is spoken to through the warm unobtrusive hues encompassing the promotion, with the popping lightning jolt striking the man and the body wash bottle out of sight. Which is showing the more sure cordial side of the fragrance. These are significant attributes, since with regards to smelling right it is significant. Individuals don't need over overwhelming aromas, they need fragrances that pull in others, and give them another feeling of accomplishment and achievement like old zest depicts this aroma to be.

Could Childhood OCD be an Autoimmune Disorder

Could Childhood OCD be an Autoimmune Disorder OCD Types Print PANDAS: An Autoimmune Form of Childhood OCD How Childhood OCD Can Be Triggered by Infection By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions Although we usually think of our immune system as protecting us from outside invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other germs, it can get confused and attack our own body. When this happens we are said to suffer from an autoimmune disorder. You are probably already aware of a number of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually thought to be caused by a combination of stress, genetic predisposition, and disruption of neurochemicals such as serotonin, there is growing evidence that a specific form of childhood OCD may actually be an autoimmune disorder. PANDAS Associated With Streptococcal Infections The Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections or “PANDAS” form of OCD is thought to be triggered by an infection of the same bacteria that causes strep throat and scarlet fever. As the child’s immune system fights the strep infection, it becomes confused and starts to attack an area of the brain called the basal ganglia. Although changes in a number of brain areas underlie symptoms of OCD, abnormalities of the basal ganglia have been associated with symptoms of OCD. Of course, strep throat is a common infection and not all children who develop this infection will develop the PANDAS form of OCD. Research has shown that only those children who are genetically predisposed to OCD or tics are vulnerable to developing this form of OCD. How Is the PANDAS Form of OCD Diagnosed? About 25% of children with OCD have the PANDAS subtype. The PANDAS form of OCD has a few key symptoms that let doctors distinguish it from more typical forms of childhood OCD. For example: Whereas the symptoms of regular OCD develop slowly, the onset of the PANDAS form of OCD is rapid.The PANDAS form of OCD occurs in close association with a strep infection. However, regular OCD can occur at any time. Confirmation of a strep infection is usually done using a throat culture and/or blood test for strep antibodies.Unlike regular OCD, children with the PANDAS form of OCD usually have involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and face.The PANDAS form of OCD usually develops between the ages of 3 and before puberty. Other symptoms of the PANDAS form of OCD include: Irritability, temper tantrums, and problems with mood.Severe nightmares and new rituals around bedtime.Increased anxiety.New problems with fine motor or math skills or problems with other senses. How Is PANDAS OCD Treated? Although regular OCD is usually treated with medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or cognitive behavioral therapy, the PANDAS form of OCD can require different treatment. If the PANAS form of OCD is suspected, the first line of treatment is a round of antibiotics to knock out the strep infection. Sometimes more invasive procedures such as a plasma exchange  are necessary to remove harmful antibodies from the bloodstream. Plasma exchange usually involves going to the hospital. Although most children will recover following treatment with antibiotics, sometimes symptoms of OCD can remain. These residual symptoms may be an  effective treatment with standard treatments for regular OCD such as medications or psychotherapy. Can Adults Develop PANDAS OCD? Although there is evidence that changes in the immune system sometimes accompany mental illnesses like depression and schizophrenia, there is no conclusive evidence that problems with the immune system are related to the development of adult forms of OCD. So far, it appears that strep infections can only trigger symptoms of OCD in children between the ages of 3 and puberty.

ACT English Tips to Improve Your Score

In the English section on the ACT, you have 45 minutes to finish all 75 multiple-choice questions. This section tests your grammar and punctuation skills. Also, you have the opportunity to showcase your skills when it comes to understanding sentence structure. There’s also a Reading section that evaluates your comprehension skills with 40 multiple-choice questions in 35 minutes. But with a little preparation and some useful strategies, you can improve your score on both the ACT English and Reading sections. Read the Entire Passage Most students understand the importance of reading all of the passages included on the ACT Reading test, as this section includes questions designed to measure how well you can understand and interpret the text. But it’s just as important to fully read the passages on the English section of the test. The English section is made up of five passages containing underlined phrases. You’re given several alternative options for each underlined phrase. Your job is to choose the one that’s a better fit for the sentence. You also have a â€Å"no change† option if you think the sentence is correct as it is. One of the most valuable ACT English tips to keep in mind is to read the entire passage instead of just the underlined phrase. Other sentences in the passage can give you clues about the correct answer. The ACT instructors at Veritas Prep can help you boost your score on the English section by guiding you through practice English questions. We’ll provide you with strategies on how to evaluate the options to arrive at the correct answer. Each of our instructors scored in the top one percent of ACT test-takers, so when you study for the ACT with Veritas Prep, you’re working with someone who has mastered the material! Be on the Lookout for Parallel Structure Looking for parallel structure in the sentences of each passage can help you to find the correct alternative to an underlined phrase. If an underlined phrase isn’t parallel with the rest of the sentence, then it needs to be replaced with one of the answer options. An example sentence might be, â€Å"Philip enjoys reading, horseback riding, and to swim.† This sentence is not parallel because it contains mixed verb forms. The correct version of this sentence is, â€Å"Philip enjoys reading, horseback riding, and swimming.† Philip’s third hobby, â€Å"swimming,† should have the same verb form as his first two hobbies. Reading articles in science magazines, online newspapers, and other publications can help you become familiar with parallel structure. The more reading you do, the easier it will be to recognize a passage with sentences that are not parallel in form. Look for Subject and Verb Agreement One of simplest tips to remember when completing the ACT English section is to look for agreement between the subject and the verb of a sentence. If the subject of a sentence is singular, then its verb should also be singular. The same goes for plural subjects and plural verbs. Consider All of the Answer Options This is a necessary addition to any list of ACT English tips. Understandably, many students are anxious or nervous on test day. Most want to jump right in and get started on the questions. Because of this nervousness, a student may skim passages, glance at the answer options, and choose one that looks like the obvious answer. This is a trap you want to avoid. Take the time to look at all of the answer choices  before selecting one. The most obvious answer is not always the right one. Read the Corrected Sentences to Yourself Once you choose an alternative option for an underlined phrase, it’s a smart idea to insert it into the sentence and quietly read it to yourself. This can help you to determine whether the changed sentence flows or sounds clunky. If the sentence doesn’t sound right in your mind, it is worth your time to go back and reconsider the option you selected. At Veritas Prep, we offer a free  online ACT prep seminar that gives you the chance to see what our study program is all about. We give you the guidance you need for tackling the ACT Reading and English sections as well as the rest of the exam. Students who work with us prep for the test using the most effective study materials and resources. Our professional instructors are not only experts on the ACT, but they recognize the value of providing lots of encouragement to their students. And you have the option of either taking an online class or participating in one of our in-person courses. Either way, we’ll give you the preparation you need to excel on the ACT! Still need to take the ACT? We run a free online ACT prep seminar every few weeks. And be sure to find us on Facebook, YouTube, Google+ and Twitter!

I Am The Inventor Of A Special New Robot - 1124 Words

I am the inventor of a special new robot. My robot is able to survive and learn on its own, even when I am not there to help it. In fact, it responds to my questions just like a person and even says that it loves me and misses me when I am gone. The government has passed a law that outlaws robots like mine. They claim that such robots have no minds – they are just machines and they will all be destroyed. I disagree with this statement because of two reasons: The function of machines, and the functions of minds. Argument 1 Machines are â€Å"an apparatus using or applying mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function and together performing a particular task†. In this aspect, the only difference in humans and†¦show more content†¦Through this, Searle argues that if a human and machine receive the same input and then respond by the same output, how are they any different from one another? When given the same purpose, humans and machines have the same response, therefore machines may have a mind. Gilbert Ryle created The computational theory of mind that claims â€Å"Computers behave in seemingly rational ways; their inner program causes them to behave in this way and therefore mental states are just like computational states†. He continues on by saying that â€Å"If logic can be used to command, and these commands can be coded into logic, then these commands can be coded in terms of 1s and 0s, therefore giving modern computers logic. Through this, how i s one to tell if robots don’t have minds if they use logic just like humans do. When the purpose of humans and machines are the same, they may process differently in order to complete that purpose, although they may have the same output. Because humans and machines receive the same input and return the same output, they both have minds in addition to functions and processes in order to do that. Argument 2 The mind is defined as â€Å"the element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel; the faculty of consciousness and thought†. Minds in general give humans the ability

Elastic Paper - 1744 Words

Differentiating Between Market Structures Angela Graham ECO/365 January 6, 2015 Biagio Vultaggio Differentiating Between Market Structures The hospitality industry has always been above and beyond for excellence. In today’s hospitality industry, the competitive structure is not so much aggressive but more unique with tactics. Every company tries to one up the next person by using creative approaches to intrigue each consumer when they are on vacation. Since we do live in Vegas, how does that work? Every structure is owned by this guy or that guy, and that’s where loyalty comes into play. My job, Hard Rock Cafà © has everything possible for an independent company. Hard Rock Cafà © continues to grow and flourish without changing the†¦show more content†¦Time is a big concern for everyone in this process. Time is also money for the corporation. If the cafà © used the oligopoly market then they would have to focus on which cafà © gets what and how would it benefit the company as a whole. I feel like monopoly and oligopoly marketing is meant for smaller businesses and chains. When it comes to marke ting techniques a perfect competition would be best suitable for larger chains like our cafà ©. For more Vegas based companies the other ones could have a better suit for the hospitality industry. Hard Rock Cafà © could use different competitive strategies to gain and maximize profit. Cost leadership is one strategic thought the company could use. â€Å"Cost leadership is a business strategy that allows a company to become the lowest cost production company in an industry. Traditionally, businesses have two options for improving profits: increasing sales or decreasing costs† (Houston Chronicles , 2015). This would help out the company if they wanted to use different types of materials, foods, or products to upsell to each consumer. This would balance the labor and compliment the supply and demand factor. Another strategy that should be used is differentiation. There are two types used in this example, actual and perceived. â€Å"Actual differentiation involves creating products that are notShow MoreRelatedThe Macroscopic Material Behavior Of Concrete1645 Words   |  7 Pagesreducing the rate of crack growth especially under fatigue loading. This paper aims at study ing the influence of aggregate bridging on the residual strength of concrete by determining the moment carrying capacity of a notched beam under flexural fatigue loading. The bridging stress corresponding to each increment of crack is determined by relating the macroscopic properties to the mesoscopic material properties such as the elastic modulus and the fracture toughness of the interface between the coarseRead MoreVibration Test of Composite Materials on the Basis of Measurement of Dynamic Properties1426 Words   |  6 Pagesand can be calculated with the help of an experiment, but this paper describes the method of test for the measurement of damping. In addition, the notation of complex modulus describes conventionally for damping and dynamic stiffness of linear viscoelastic materials, where the methods of vibration test are considered for measurement of complex moduli of composites. With the help of this test of plates and beams to find dynamic elastic moduli also get evalu ated. In vibration test, notation for complexRead MoreLab Report On The Law Of Conservation Of Momentum1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthese two bodies the first ball has a forward force and the second ball has a backward force, which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Hence it is a reaction force. ∠´F_forward+F_back=0 Since there are no external forces acting on the elastic system, the change in momentum is conserved. dP/dt=0 (where P = momentum) Since there is no change in momentum, it must be conserved. Hence it has the equation. m_1 u_1+m_2 u_2=m_1 v_1+m_2 v_2 (where u = initial velocity and v= final velocity) ThisRead MoreCharacteristics And Characteristics Of Wood1725 Words   |  7 Pagesvary in size (diameter) and shape depending on the tree species. FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS Anatomical characteristics form the basis for wood utilization in pulp and paper making industry. The properties of paper depend on the fiber properties, anatomy and method of separation of the fibers. Fiber characteristics that influence the quality of paper are: fibrelength, fiber diameter, fiber lumen width, fiber cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio, Co- efficient flexibility and the relative fiber length (Zobel andRead More Which Paper Towel Works Best996 Words   |  4 PagesWhich Paper Towel Works Best When you come to the paper towel aisle in the grocery store do you ever get frustrated and annoyed by all the brands to choose from? Every brand is telling you that they are the strongest and that their brand will absorb the fastest. Have you ever actually taken the time to figure out which brand is indomitable and absorbs the quickest? Well today I will fill you in on this mysterious secret and tell you not only which brand is not lying to you but also which brandRead MoreCloud Computing1303 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefitted from using Amazon Web Services (AWS) in terms of cost reduction, automated software updates, remote access, and on-demand availability. The study will also evaluate the scalability, dependability, manageability, and adaptability of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Services (Amazon S3), and RightScale. The author will also discuss the security concerns of cloud-based services and make suggestions to cope with these concerns. Last ly, the author will assess possibleRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Cloud Computing For Increased Business Value By Abdulaziz Alijabre Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthis assignment, students will get opportunities to develop their writing and improve deep analytic skills to identifying rhetorical strategies that writers will use to achieve the purpose of a well-written document. The audience for this analytical paper will be my classmates, professor, and the committee members of the 100A. To begin with, rhetorical strategies are techniques which writers use in their article to assert and persuade the audience about a specific point. These techniques can includeRead MoreEssay about Cloud Computing1437 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT Cloud computing is defined by Cearly and Phifer in their case study titled â€Å"Case Studies in Cloud Computing† as â€Å"a style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided ‘ as a service’ to customers using Internet technologies†. Cloud computing services had been provided by major vendors such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and others for business computing until recently when Apple Corporation announced iCloud for consumers. ThereforeRead MoreReliable Computation And Fault Tolerance Web Application Design4103 Words   |  17 Pagesthe capability of our system without any extra hardware installment. So this paper focuses on the fault tolerance of web application by one of the major cloud service provider Amazon. We will provide the ways on the process adopted by Amazon and how we can improve the existing techniques of fault tolerance. We provide the detail infrastructure of the Amazon Web applic ation design. Also the important part covered in this paper is the computation done in cloud computing. As it is required that the computationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Professional Document1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthis assignment, students will get opportunities to develop their writing and improve deep analytic skills to identifying rhetorical strategies that writers will use to achieve the purpose of a well-written document. The audience for this analytical paper will be my classmates, professor, and the committee members of the 100A. To begin with, rhetorical strategies are techniques which writers use in their article to assert and persuade the audience about a specific point. These techniques can include

My Own Development From The Perinatal Stage Through Young...

Development can be defined as a gradual process of change and differentiation from a simple to a more advanced level of complexity (Mosby, 2010). Human development is a process that is unique to each individual, with many internal and external factors responsible for shaping the characteristics of the individual. In this essay, we shall explore my own development from the perinatal stage through to young adulthood. Focus will be placed on the different domains of change, namely; physical, cognitive, social and emotional. Throughout this essay various theories and concepts will be discussed in relation to my development. Perinatal The perinatal period is an interval extending approximately from conception through to the 28th day after birth (Mosby, 2010). This is a period of rapid development, as well as one of increased tenuousness and susceptibility. Although chromosomal and genetic disorders are the cause of some birth defects, roughly 80 percent of birth defects are caused by environmental factors whilst the foetus is in the womb. Amniotic fluid and the placental barrier protect the foetus from environmental influences. However, agents known as teratogens are able to cross the placental barrier and cause or increase the incidence of physical, behavioural and cognitive defects in children (Martin Fabes, 2009). Examples of teratogens include alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pesticides to name a few. Maternal age is another factor, withShow MoreRelatedEarly Adulthood : The Period Between The Ages Of 20 And 40 Years Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesEarly adulthood is the period between the ages of 20 and 40 years characterized by a peak in physical and intellectual performance. During early adulthood, individuals are concerned with expanding the capability to share intimacy, find the right career pathway, and intimate love. Although in the past decades, all those events happened during late teens and early twenties, the trend nowadays is to postpone them into the thirties. Due to better nutrition and more efficient methods employed towardsRead MoreResilience: Health and Literature Review Page10409 Words   |  42 PagesTitle: Date: Report No: Institution: Adrian DuPlessis VanBreda Resilience Theory: A Literature Review October 2001 MPI/R/104/12/1/4, dd October 2001 South African Military Health Service, Military Psychological Institute, Social Work Research Development City: E-mail: Address: Pretoria, South Africa Adrian@vanbreda.org Major A.D. Van Breda Military Psychological Institute Private Bag X02 Gezina 0031 South Africa Resilience Theory: A Literature Review Page i CHAPTER TWO: INDIVIDUAL RESILIENCE

Essay on Dark Figure of Crime - 2329 Words

I am going to discuss the accuracy of the statistics used to measure crime using examples. Is the world a more dangerous place now than fifty years ago? Do we all have the same views on what is a crime? Who are ‘criminals’? I am going to look in detail at exactly how crimes are recorded in England and Wales, what process a crime has to go through before it is recorded, and what happens to all those crimes that go unrecorded. I accept that this is a diverse and controversial area, and for the purpose of this essay I am going to concentrate on attempting to discover just what the relationship is between the real crime statistics and the Dark Figure of crime. According to statistics, the British crime rate has risen regularly†¦show more content†¦A Home Office study in 2000 attempted to estimate the number of offences committed in England and Wales which concluded that 60 million offences were committed in England and Wales and concluded that 60 million were committed in 1999/2000. This is over five times that recorded by the BCS and around ten times police recorded time. So we can see how by recording crimes in these different ways we are left with contradicting results, in fact in order for an incident to even be included in any type of statistic it has to go through many different stages of a long and hazardous process. First, the incident or ‘crime’ must be witnessed, or even acknowledged that the crime is even happening, for example if a barman purposely short-changes a drunken customer, chances are that the customer will not have any idea that they have just been robbed, even serious crimes may go unnoticed, for example the serial killer Dennis Nilsen preyed on unattached young males, was able to murder many of them without their disappearance being noticed. Also the witness to the behaviour must class that behaviour as criminal, for example one person might consider it perfectly acceptable to help themselves to the office stationary, while another would consider this theft. Definitions of theses kinds are open to evolution- what is considered acceptable today was less so 20 years ago. Take the case of violence; 30 years ago it would have been perfectlyShow MoreRelatedThe Dark Figure Of Crime Essay2534 Words   |  11 Pagesunderstand by the ‘dark figure of crime’ and why it is important to consider this when examining statistics on crime? Unless a crime is â€Å"seen and interpreted by a member of the public, a victim or a law enforcer†(Corall, Hazel) it will never be recorded as a statistic. As citizens, it is expected that the figures we are given regarding crime enables us to understand how much crime is going on around the United Kingdom. However, the British Crime Survey (BCS) has reported that many crimes go under reportedRead MoreThe And The Dark Figure Of Crime Essay1849 Words   |  8 PagesFor hundreds of years society has sought a theory of criminality with which to strike back against the dark figure of crime. Theories of crime have always been heavily tinted by the social climate in which they were created. For example, until the 18th century Western European criminological thought was firmly rooted in Christianity, which considered crime the work of the Devil. Punishments were meted out not based on the merit of one s actions, but to turn away the evil and reinforce order in aRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Dark Figure Of Crime Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment 1 Annotated Bibliography - The ‘Dark Figure’ of Crime. [1] de Castelbajac, M. (2014) ‘Brooding over the dark figure of crime’, British Journal of Criminology, 54(5), pp. 928–945. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azu047. [2] Fohring, S. (2014) ‘Putting a face on the dark figure: Describing victims who don’t report crime’, Temida, 17(4), pp. 3–18. doi: 10.2298/tem1404003f. (Journal) This journal article identifies issues in regards to victims of crime and non-reporting. Through reading this articleRead MoreEssay on Bystander Effect : The Dark Figure of Crime1396 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenses took place in the USA and were made known to law enforcement (FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012). Another 3-3.4 million crimes were estimated to have been committed and not reported (Bureau of Justice Statics 2012), making for a total of around 13,189,902 crimes committed in the year of 2012. This figure of unreported crime is referred to as the dark figure of crime and will never truly be known. This figure exists for a number of reasons including, fear of the victim to come forward, lackRead MoreGetting the Measure of Crime Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesMeasure of Crime What practical problems does the criminologist face in going about his business? What does an informed examination of hidden crime tell us about (1) official criminal statistics and (2) The nature of social order? Are there such things as victimless crimes? Why? In my essay I will first talk about crime and what it means, I will then talk about what different methods criminologists use to collect crime such as crime surveys andRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Official Crime Statistics And Unofficial Measures Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesclaim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, highlighting that both methods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the notion of crime is contested. Official crime statistics follow a positivist approach, assuming that crime is a staticRead MoreThe Usefulness of Ocs in Measuring Crime1380 Words   |  6 Pagesusually a crime, but may be seen as one. Deviance is when someone breaks the norms and values of a society, but the act is not illegal. Crime is where a person beaks the law of land, they either do something they shouldn’t, or they don’t do something they should. Crime and deviance can be measured with the use of Official Crime Statistic (OCS). OCS is the crimes which are reported by the victim, and then further recorded by the Police. Not all crimes are recorded by the Police, which lead to a dark figureRead More The Distinction Between Crime and Deviance Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pages Crime statistics exist entirely to measure levels of crime inside society; so, the purpose of this essay is to illustrate whether or not the statistical data on crime and deviance provides a true measurement of criminal occurrences in British society. The distinction between crime and deviance is going to be explored and a clear understanding of how they differentiate from each other will be gained. The terms Formal and Informal social control will be identified and their differences determinedRead MoreCrimeReportingandVictimization BrittanyEpperly Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Crime Reports and Victimization Brittany Epperly CJS/235 11/23/2014 Cathy Arrowsmith Crime Reports and Victimization Crime reporting and victimization go hand in hand. Without victims there would be less reports of crime, and without crime reporting there would not be a valid way of gaging crime rates andRead MoreCrime And Social Implications Of Crime913 Words   |  4 Pageshow crime is viewed in society, who crime affects and how victims of crime are impacted, and why crimes and victims are viewed in the ways they are. Before the moral and social implications of crime can be thought about, there is the simpler task of tracking crime in general. Crime can be measured in various ways using different methods. In Canada, crime is recorded from two main sources, from the police and from the victims/general population. In 1962, Canada put into place the Uniform Crime Reporting

Summer at the Lake Free Essays

My main point of this essay is to describe how much I enjoy going to the lake and the good memories from the past that I have from going there. I hope this essay makes you think of wonderful memories that you have had and the fun that summer time brings! I chose this topic, because we have had such a long winter and I miss summer and being able to go to the lake! Writing this essay has made me look forward to the summer. I would like to know if the title of my essay made you want to read it? Did the first paragraph draw you in and did my essay â€Å"flow† well? I hope you enjoy reading my essay as much as I enjoyed writing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer at the Lake or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summer at the Lake Everyone has a place where they go to escape from all the pressure and worries of life. There is always that one spot that can soothe all of your problems in times of stress. For me, the lake is my ultimate cure to all of my problems. There is no better place to go than the lake on a hot summer day. While I am there all of my obligations are erased. As I stroll along I can feel the soft, smooth sand beneath my feet. I am taken in by the beautiful atmosphere that surrounds me. I am comforted by the sounds of the waves. I look into the cloudless blue sky and see the beauty of life. I close my eyes and feel the heat from the rays of sun beaming down on me and suddenly I go back in time to all of the good times I had before at the lake. There are some distinct smells that I remember from going camping at the lake, ones that make me miss summer even more. The hickory smell of a campfire would let us know that there are marshmallows and hotdogs being roasted. You can also enjoy the sweet coconut smell of tanning lotion that my sister and I would put on when basking in the sun. Sometimes the lake would be quiet and relaxing, which can help you clear your head and forget about everything. Other times the lake would be filled with loud motors of boats and kids laughing as they played in the water. There are always fun activities to do at the lake, for instance if you liked touching the slimy scales of fish and the touch of cool water, you could go fishing. I like going for a fast boat ride or tubing, I love the rush I get rom it! If you like the calmer side of things, however you might enjoy kayaking or paddle boating better. When I want to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the lake I like to go kayaking, it really helps to clear my head. My favorite part about camping at the lake is watching the beautiful calming sunset and laying in the sand after the sun has gone down to stare up at the amazing, twinkling stars. Overall the lake is a great p lace to go to during the summer if you want to get away from the business of your life or just have fun. How to cite Summer at the Lake, Papers

Impacted free essay sample

â€Å"Who can say if I’ve been changed for the better, but because I knew you, I have been changed for good.† Just as in Stephen Schwartz’s musical Wicked, at some point we encounter someone who changes our whole perspective of the world. I am fortunate to have had this person enter my life during my senior year of high school. She became the woman who developed me as a student, assured me that there is always a light at the end of the tunnel no matter how dark it may be and not to change for anyone but yourself. Senior year is moment you long three years for—unless you were me. After a successful sophomore year and a great deal of drive my counselor, family, and myself felt it would be beneficial for me to combine my junior and senior year allowing me to graduate a year early. We will write a custom essay sample on Impacted or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This did not have an effect on me until the first day. Creative writing was not like any other class I had taken, and the teacher was not like any other I had before. From that day on Mrs. Tammy Stuisuck would make an impact on my life. Our first assignment was to introduce ourselves in any way that was creative. We had to present our creativity in front of the class and then submit a written aspect for a grade. â€Å"Simple† I thought to myself as I began to brainstorm my project. I decided to create a self-portrait with everything I love and do drawn on the back half. My first draft of the writing portion did not satisfy me, I wanted to go beyond the basics and introduce myself as the person only my closest friends see. I felt I could trust Mrs. Stuisuck with the information I wanted to give, and I knew it was what I wanted to finally say. â€Å"I am not going to stand up here and tell you about the physical me†¦,† I started as I went on to explain my appearan ce. â€Å"Who I really want to introduce you to is the person only a few actually get to know. I want you to understand ‘the real me,’ the kid who is lost somewhere inside a mind comparable to that of Lewis Carroll’s† I had the classes’ attention, and even more importantly I had the attention of the woman who would change my view on life. â€Å"I love freely, and unconditionally which will never change. That also means I am comfortable with my choices and myself. I am gay.† My heart sank. For the first time I had openly stated my orientation. I glanced out to the class, and Mrs. Stuisuck made eye contact. Her expression was warm and I felt as though I could go on. I finished my presentation and Mrs. Stuicuck took the floor. She began to speak to the class about diversity and acceptance, not because of me but because it was a key to success. The idea of understanding and diversity was just the beginning of what I learned in room 308. As time passed I realized Mrs. Stuisuck was not just there to teach us. She was there to learn and understand what people are dealing with. She referred to herself as a â€Å"forever student† and encouraged us to be the same. The ability to learn goes beyond the textbooks and homework assignments; the most learning comes from the people you interact with and the lessons they teach you. I adapted to the concept of the â€Å"forever student† and started to see the world on a deeper level. As applications began to become available, Mrs. Stuisuck encouraged me to go for the schools of my dreams. She reinforced the idea that the easy route would not satisfy me and success was with hard work and a rejection or two. I knew no matter how bad things looked I had to push through and never give up. Her constant support and faith in my abilities drove me to setting goals like keeping a 100 average in physics and applying to schools that would require more work then the local community co llege or SUNY state school. It is because of her I am writing this essay and it is because of my ability to excel, with the confidence she helped develop, that I know I can be successful with my post-secondary education. â€Å"Like a seed dropped by a bird in the wood† the outlooks on life Mrs. Stuisuck had planted in my head will grow with me. As I branch out to the people I encounter I will use the idea of the â€Å"forever student† and learn from what they have to say. Due to Mrs. Stuisuck I have been changed for good. I am truly thankful to have had her as a mentor and I hope I can reinforce the ideals she placed in me in the lives of those who I meet.

Purpose Teacher and Law School free essay sample

Write a brief statement (500 words/3500 characters or less including punctuation, but not spaces) describing your reason(s) for pursuing graduate or postbaccalaureate study. Include any additional information concerning your preparation that is pertinent to the objective specified. You may also send a resume and/or letters of reference if required by department. If you have already sent your Statement of Purpose directly to the department/program, please enter the following text in the box below: Statement sent directly to department/program. 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While writing about yourself sounds easy, many students find the statement of purpose one of the more difficult parts of the application process. Below are some guidelines and tips to help you write an effective statement of purpose. Format Typically, a statement of purpose is two to three pages, typed and double spaced. However, there are variations on this format. For instance, some programs request that you respond to a series of specific questions or they may give you a word limit for each question. Unless otherwise indicated, the central theme of your statement should be the reasons that you are interested in becoming a teacher and the reasons that you are interested in attending a specific institution. The statement should be well organized, concise, and completely free of grammar, punctuation and spelling errors. Try to be original and interesting without sounding trite. To write the best statement possible, you will want to start early, write several drafts, and let other people read and comment on it. Before You Begin a Draft, Keep the Following in Mind Remember Your Audience Admission committee members usually consist of university faculty and public school teachers or administrators. You need to understand and be able to correctly use â€Å"education lingo. † Do not â€Å"talk down† to your readers. Stick to what you are an expert in—your life and experiences. Establish Your Voice Choose a voice/tone that is confident without sounding arrogant. Avoid a tone that sounds sweet, innocent, or naive. Usually a straightforward tone will serve you best. If you need to explain poor grades, do so without making excuses. State what affected your performance and follow-up with what you did to improve the situation. Your essay should reflect what is special, unique, distinctive, or impressive about you. Answer the Question Many teaching credential programs do not give you much instruction on how to approach the statement of purpose. In that case, use the suggestions outlined below. However, if an application specifically provides a prompt or asks you a series of questions, then answer each question individually. Look At the Big Picture Does your essay reflect the type of person that educators feel they want teaching children? Have you had enough experience working with children or youth to convince admission committee members that you really want to be a teacher? Be Specific Try to use specific examples in your essay rather than abstract ideas. In other words, â€Å"show don’t tell. † For example, provide details of how you effectively dealt with a challenging student, or how you plan to create community in the classroom, or how you respect students, instead of just generically reporting that these things are important to you. Use the Following Topics To Assist You In Writing an Effective Statement of Purpose How did you become interested in this field? It is important to establish that you have had a long-term interest in becoming a teacher and that you have taken positive steps in pursuing this interest. Teaching credential programs guard against admitting â€Å"desperate graduates† who are grabbing at a profession that they can â€Å"fall back on. † One does not â€Å"fall back on† becoming a teacher. It is a profession that must be carefully planned and prepared for in advance. You may choose to open your essay with an example of how a teacher first influenced you, or describe how your parents or other family members are teachers, or you may draw from other educational, occupational, or personal experiences. What kind of activities or experiences have contributed toward your preparation for and understanding of this field? This section will probably be the longest portion of your essay. Discuss your internships, volunteer experiences, tutoring, camp counseling, swim instructing or other experiences you have had working with children or youth. Try to demonstrate that you have worked in a range of circumstances: various age groups, public school setting, one-on-one, group interactions, children with disabilities, multicultural settings, or varied subject matter. However, don’t just list what you did â€Å"resume style. † Instead, outline what you did as well as what you have learned about teaching (and yourself) that has stimulated your interest in the profession. What will be your contribution to the field of education? Be sure and identify whether you are pursuing a multiple subject or single subject credential (identify if it’s English, math, science, etc. ). Include what you have to offer the teaching profession (personal attributes) as well as what you hope to achieve at a broader level. For instance, you may want to discuss how you hope to impact children, or give back to your community in a specific way, or focus energy on a certain population of children (bilingual, special education, gifted, etc. ). What attracts you most about the institution you are applying to and why are you a match for their program? (Matching statement). You should have solid reasons for why you are applying to an institution. Examples might include that the teaching credential program is small or large, located in a diverse community, has an emphasis on multicultural issues, has opportunities for both research and applied experiences, a specific faculty member is involved with the program, etc. Do not simply state the university has a â€Å"good reputation. † Be specific as to why you would like to attend their program. The better the â€Å"match† with the program, the better the chance that you will be admitted. Additionally, you can expect to expand on this section in your interview. See our handout on â€Å"Preparing for the Teaching Credential Interview. Remember, there is no one correct way to write a statement of purpose. Each person’s background and experiences will shape a unique statement. Critiques of your statement are offered by Pre-Teaching Credential Advisors. You will need to submit a typed draft to Advising Services, 111 South Hall, and retrieve it after two full business days. If you should need additional information or clarification after reviewing the Web site material, consider attending a one-hour group advising workshop in South Hall in which we review the general requirements necessary to apply to a teaching credential program. Appointments are no longer necessary; simply show up on the designated day and time! Sign-ins are first come, first served, so arrive early (at least 10 minutes) and sign in with The First Resort, located in the lobby of South Hall, to guarantee a spot. Please check our eCalendar on the Advising Services Web site[-190] for dates and times. With time and patience you will be able to develop an essay that will work for you. Published by Advising Services, 111 South Hall, University of California, Davis,CA 95616-8508 [-0] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/ [-1] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/newstudents [-2] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising [-3] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/studentservices [-4] http://undergraduateresearch. ucdavis. edu/ [-5] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. du/leadership [-6] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/conferencesevents [-7] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/contact. html [-8] http://principles. ucdavis. edu/ [-9] http://ucdavis. edu [-10] http://my. ucdavis. edu [-11] http://sisweb. ucdavis . edu [-12] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/studentjobs/ [-13] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/contact. html [-14] http://ucdavis. edu [-15] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/sitemap. html [-16] http://orientation. ucdavis. edu/ [-17] http://fallwelcome. ucdavis. edu/ [-18] http://success. ucdavis. edu -19] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising [-20] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa [-21] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa [-22] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad [-23] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad [-24] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law [-25] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law [-26] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/mba [-27] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/mba [-28] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/teaching [-29] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. du/advising/teaching [-30] http://advisingserv ices. ucdavis. edu/advising/peer [-31] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/peer [-32] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa [-33] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/dentistry. html [-34] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/medicine. html [-35] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/medicaltechnology. html [-36] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/nursing. html [-37] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/optometry. html [-38] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/pharmacy. tml [-39] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/podiatry. html [-40] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/physicalandoccupationaltherapy. html [-41] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/physicalandoccupationaltherapy. html [-42] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/publichealth. html [-43] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/ph ysicianassistant. html [-44] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/speechpathology. html [-45] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/veterinarymedicine. html [-46] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. du/studentservices/pls [-47] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/studentservices/phpac [-48] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/handouts [-49] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/enews. html [-50] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/resourcecenter/ [-51] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/staffadvisorsprofile. html [-52] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/staffadvisorsprofile. html [-53] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/staffadvisorsprofile. html [-54] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/hsa/staffadvisorsprofile. tml [-55] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad [-56] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/gradschoolprepa ration. html [-57] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/studentservices/pls [-58] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/gsid/ [-59] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/resourcecenter/ [-60] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/undergradresearch/urc [-61] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/undergradresearch [-62] http://gradstudies. ucdavis. edu/ [-63] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/handouts/ [-64] http://advisingservices. cdavis. edu/advising/enews. html [-65] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/staffadvisors. html [-66] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/staffadvisors. html [-67] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/staffadvisors. html [-68] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/grad/staffadvisors. html [-69] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law [-70] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law/lawschooladvice. html [-71] http://advisi ngservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law/pdf/law_school_criteria. pdf [-72] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. du/advising/law/plc [-73] http://advisingservices. ucdavis. edu/advising/law/plc [-74] http://www. lsac. org/LSAC. asp? 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My Positive and Negative Traits Essay Example

My Positive and Negative Traits Essay To start with, one of my positive traits is being God-fearing. What I mean on this is that at all times I keep in mind that every action I do must be according to His will. Whether I do simple chores at home, or different works at school, I always make it to the point that I do all of these things with sincerity and honesty as God wants us to do. Another positive trait of mine is being family-oriented. Yes, I consider this as a positive one for I see my family as my source of motivation as I continue my path to be a successful person someday. Up to the present time, I am giving my all to finish my studies. I am now in my final year in college and hopefully sooner or later I’ll be able to get a decent job and yield my family the fruits of their hard work in providing me a better future. Then, I am a team player. One instance that can emphasize this is the time when we’re having our group project. We’re composed of different people, each with contrasting personalit ies compared to mine. What I did is I composed myself and focused on our goal, which is to finish the project. I also adapt myself and blend in to my group mates for us to have a good connection to one another. I am also a trustworthy friend. I’m the type of person that you can tell secrets to and never worry that I’ll share it to others. I have friends that I treat as my own, my best friends since high school. Until today the bond is still strong despite having our own schedules. We’re still connected, and whenever one of us has problems, the others are more than willing to lend a hand. Finally, having strong dedication and commitment to a specific goal is included in my positive traits. When I set my mind on something that I want to accomplish, I’ll do everything that I can in order to do so. For my negative traits, first thing is that sometimes I have a bad temper. This usually happens when I already had a bad day at school and then eventually I’ll be scolded We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Positive and Negative Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Romanticism in the Early 19th essays

Romanticism in the Early 19th essays The United States was founded on the principles derived from the Enlightenment. Given that romanticism was a reaction against the Age of Reason, why did romantic ideas so capture the minds of Americans in the early nineteenth century? During the mid-1800s, a new wave of lifestyles was taking over in America. Romanticism, which brought about a new style of literature and art, was the new way of life. It came about in many different ways. But most important of the reasons would have to be the literature of the time. All of the sudden, there were many new faces among the countries top authors and writers. With the new faces, they brought their new style of writing. Most of these people were men who set out to foster American genius and to encourage the production of distinctly American literature. (Garraty p.266) Some writers chose to write about American life, like James Fenimore Cooper when he wrote The Pioneers and The Last of the Mohicans, which were about life on the frontier. Edgar Allen Poe, however, was the probably the best fit in this new era, because he caused the readers to use more imagination, paint mental pictures, and think more about what they were reading. He practically invented the detective story with his short story, The Murders in the Rue Morgue. Maybe this was the cause for more women to write stories of their own. Two of the better known female writers at the time were Maria Cummins and Susan Warner. These women wrote, as Garraty puts it, moralistic and sentimental domestic novels. This style of writing became the most popular in the 1850s. However, the men hated it, and put down the female writers. Schooling also had a large part to do with this period. Most of what was happening had to do with reading and writing and the arts. You have to learn to read and understand meanings of things so that you understand whats goin ...

Korean War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Korean War - Essay Example The colonial started in 1910, which was marked by positive developments such as population growth because of improvement in hygiene and introduction of modern medicine. The colonial government was also responsible for many other improvements besides health such as implementing policies to modernize institutions and the Korean economy (Thomas White International, Ltd.). Other developments were expansion of railway, roads, harbors, telegraph, and the telephone network. Following Korean was not happy with the colonization by the Japanese. As much as the colonization brought development, Koreans were being oppressed by the Japanese rule. It was common for them to carry out demonstrations for independence from time to time. One incident was when young Koreans mostly students and Christians were inspired by US president Woodrow Wilson Idealism in 1918 and decide to carry out peaceful demonstrations. This did not go down in favor of the Koreans because the Japanese responded with brutal for ce, which comprise of beheading schoolchildren, and nailing Christians on crosses. Korea had been divided into two after the World War II, the north and south. The north had been occupied by Soviet troops and the south by Americans. The Korean War broke out when the northern communist side invaded the southern democratic side; historians see it as the first armed battle of the Cold War. Post war South Korea for several years underwent political hardships under various autocratic rulers. Most notorious being Major general Park Chung Hee, however coincidentally his rule saw significant economic growth of the country. Protests led to the military regime holding elections in 1987, which led to a stable governance starting in 1990. In terms of economy, South Korea impressively has transformed from poverty to one of Asia’s greatest economies. Its per capita GNP has grown greatly from $100 in 1963 to over $16,000 by 2005 (Thomas White International, Ltd.). As much

Research report- Trditional training methods Paper

Report- Trditional training methods - Research Paper Example It is crucial that each member understands the role and responsibilities of the team and how each member should adjust with each other and work collaboratively as a team. The Six Sigma emphasise the importance of defining and applying team tools like brainstorming, multi-voting and other group problem discussion technique. It also teaches the importance of using an effective and most appropriate communication technique to prevent problems that may cause misunderstanding and may disrupt teamwork. Fulfilling this Six Sigma Greenbelt competency area is very essential in action learning to foster teamwork and bring about a working relationship that will help the organisation come up with workable solutions to a real problem in the organisation. Action Learning involves working in teams of 6-30 employees chosen from different divisions throughout the organisation to help find solutions to an existing problem in the organisation.

Enron Scandal: Impact on Accounting

Enron Scandal: Impact on Accounting Accounting for Enron 1. Why is accounting being blamed for the losses sustained by investors as a result of the collapse of Enron? Is this criticism fair and do financial accounting and reporting practices need to be reformed? Accounting has been blamed for the losses sustained by Enron, as it allowed the company to hide details of its dealings from its investors, until the company’s financial situation was so bad that the firm was forced to go bankrupt almost overnight. Enron’s downfall has been characterised as â€Å"excessive interest by management in maintaining stock price or earnings trend through the use of unusually aggressive accounting practices.† (Healy, 2003) As part of this, Enron used â€Å"‘mark-to-market accounting’ for the energy trading business in the mid-1990s and used it on an unprecedented scale for its trading transactions.† (Thomas, 2002) Under mark-to-market accounting practices, companies with outstanding derivative contracts or purchases on their balance sheets when accounts are being prepared must adjust them to â€Å"fair market value† (Thomas, 2002) As a result, predicted long term gains or losses on these contract are applied to the company’s profits immediately, similar to depreciation, or asset write downs. The main difficulty encountered when doing this for long-term futures contracts in energy markets is that â€Å"there are often no quoted prices upon which to base valuations. Companies having these types of derivative instruments are free to develop and use discretionary valuation models based on their own assumptions and methods, as Enron did.† (Healy, 2003) Another accounting technique Enron used to hide significant debts was the use of special purpose entities (SPEs), which Enron took to â€Å"new heights of complexity and sophistication, capitalizing them with not only a variety of hard assets and liabilities, but also extremely complex derivative financial instruments, its own restricted stock, rights to acquire its stock and related liabilities.† (Thomas, 2002) Enron also used these SPEs to hide details of assets which were excessively declining in value, thus avoiding having losses from asset write down and depreciation charges on the company books. This practice was applied to â€Å"certain overseas energy facilities, the broadband operation or stock in companies that had been spun off to the public.† (Thomas, 2002) The accounting treatments around SPEs meant that the losses sustained on these asset write downs would not appear on Enron’s accounts. Enron promised share issues to the investors in the SPEs to co mpensate them for taking these assets on but, as the value of the assets fell even further, Enron found itself unable to meet these commitments from share issues. These creative accounting techniques began to be suspected by investors in October 2001, when Enron several new businesses failed to perform as well as expected. Enron was hoping these new businesses would cover its losses on the SPEs but, in October 2001 the company was forced to announce a major series of write-downs of its own assets, including â€Å"after tax charges of $2.87 million for Azurix, the water business acquired in 1998, $180 million for broadband investments and $544 million for other investments.† (Healy, 2003) These write downs amounted to twenty two percent of the capital spent by Enron on developing its business between 1998 and 2000. In addition, Enron sold Portland General Corp., the electric power plant it had acquired in 1997, for $1.9 billion, at a loss of $1.1 billion over the acquisition price. (Healy, 2003) The losses incurred as a result of this caused investors to question whether Enron’s strategy was feasible in the long tem, and in market s other than derivatives. In summary, whilst the accounting concepts and strategy underlying the gas derivatives trading was a reasonable attempt to produce value for investors, â€Å"extensions of this idea into other markets and international expansion were unsuccessful.† (Healy, 2003) However, whilst the mark to market and SPE accounting techniques used by the company helped hide this fact from investors, the stock markets as a whole were guilty of â€Å"largely ignored red flags associated with Enrons spectacular reported performance† (Thomas, 2002). This aided and, in the eyes of the management at Enron, vindicated the company’s expansion strategy by allowing Enron access to plenty of capital cheaply and easily. As such, accounting cannot be entirely blamed for the losses sustained by investors, as the investors themselves simply assumed that the value Enron appeared to be generating â€Å"would be sustained far into the future, despite little economic basis for such a projection.â €  (Thomas, 2002) As a result, whilst accounting made it easier for Enron to mislead its investors, the facts show that investors themselves were more concerned with Enron’s reported profits and growth, than analysing the roots causes and business model. 2. Does it matter what accounting policies are adopted by a company as long as they are adequately disclosed? A â€Å"very confusing footnote in Enrons 2000 financial statements† (Thomas, 2002) described the transactions in question one, however according to analysts, â€Å"most people would be hard pressed to understand the effects of these disclosures on the financial statements, casting doubt on both the quality of the companys earnings as well as the business purpose of the transaction.† (Thomas, 2002) By early 2001, several market analysts had begun to question the clarity and transparency of Enron’s disclosures. One analyst was quoted as saying, â€Å"The notes just dont make sense, and we read notes for a living.† (Thomas, 2002) Enron publicly denounced and abused these analysts however, because of these actions, investors began to view Enron’s accounting policies, and disclosures, with greater and greater scepticism. Indeed, despite the fact that Enron’s disclosures were adequate in the regulatory framework, they were still not in the spirit of managerial responsibility to shareholders. In another example of inadequate disclosure policies, Satava et al (2003) examined the celebrated Royal Mail Case and the implications of the case for the accounting practice today. Satava’s arguments claimed that the case was â€Å"not about the utilization of secret reserves, but about the non-disclosure of repayments by the Inland Revenue of over provisions for tax, and that defence counsel for the auditor succeeded because of the weak factual case presented by the prosecution.† (Satave et al, 2003) In summary, the duty of accountants to adequately disclose their accounting policies can often conflict with attempts by the same accountants to use these policies to benefit the company. As a result, these conflicts of interest often result in only materially adequate disclosures of substandard accounting policies. 3. To what extent did Enron use off balance-sheet financing in its operations? Were these transactions appropriately treated and adequately disclosed in the financial statements of the company? What consequences did the accounting treatment of these transactions have for Enron and its investors? The main way Enron used off balance sheet financing was in its extensive use of SPEs to give it ready access to finance without having to report any debts it incurred in its accounts. The company contributed assets, and debt secured against those assets, to an SPE in exchange for control of the SPE, and the SPEs then borrowed large amounts of capital which was used to finance Enron, without any debt or assets showing up in Enron’s accounts. Enron also sold assets to the SPEs at above market value, and thus reported profits on these sales. Enron used huge numbers of SPEs in this way, the most well known of which were LJM Cayman LP and LJM2 Co-Investment LP. â€Å"From 1999 through July 2001, these entities paid Enron managers more than $30 million in management fees, far more than their Enron salaries, supposedly with the approval of top management and Enrons board of directors.† (Healy, 2003) The SPEs in turn created yep more SPEs, known as the Raptor vehicles, which enabled Enron to invest heavily in a bankrupt broadband company, Rhythm NetConnections, during the dotcom boom. To finance this investment Enron made a share issue worth $1.2 billion. However, in order to complete this deal, Enron increased shareholders’ equity to reflect this transaction, which has been claimed to violate accounting standards and principles. Additionally, accounting rules actually meant that Enron should have included information from the LJM and Raptor SPEs in their accounts, rather than continue to use them as off balance sheet financing. (Healy, 2003) In addition to these minor violations, Enron revealed in October 2001 that several other SPEs had violated the accounting standard that required at least 3 percent of the entities to be owned by other investors, with no interest in the parent company. Again, by ignoring this requirement, Enron kept the financing it obtained from these entities off its balance sheet, enabling it to understate its liabilities and losses on this source of financing. However, on October 16, 2001, Enron announced that â€Å"restatements to its financial statements for years 1997 to 2000 to correct these violations would reduce earnings for the four-year period by $613 million (or 23 percent of reported profits dating the period), increase liabilities at the end of 2000 by $628 million (6 percent of reported liabilities and 5.5 percent of reported equity) and reduce equity at the end of 2000 by $1.2 billion (10 percent of reported equity).† (Thomas, 2002) In addition to the accounting failures, Enron only disclosed the minimum amount of details on its investments in the SPEs, and the amount of financing it had gained from them. The company claimed that it had hedged some of its investments using special purpose entities, but failed to inform investors that Enron shares were being used as part of this hedge. Moreover, Enron allowed several of its senior managers, including its chief financial officer Andrew Fastow, to become partners of the special purpose entities. Thus, these employees were able to make large amounts of profit, in both cash and shares, from the off balance sheet financing provided by companies they partly owned. (Thomas, 2002) This was a clear failure to fulfil their fiduciary responsibility to Enrons stockholders, and contributed to the extent of the company’s downfall. 4. Would similar treatment of off balance-sheet transactions be permissible in the UK? Tollington (2001) is one of the foremost academics claiming that financial accounts no longer provide a true and accurate representation of the value of a business, due to the widening between the values accounting policies place on assets, and the market values of said assets. His paper argues that â€Å"the definitional requirement for ‘transactions or events’ appears to restrict their recognition,† and therefore disclosure on balance sheets, which enables similar off balance sheet transactions in the UK. Equally, ‘white-collar crime’ has massively increased in recent years, with some estimates stating that over half a trillion pounds of criminal proceedings are laundered through the world’s financial markets each year. (Mitchell et al, 1998) The majority of this is moved in large quantities, and this cannot be done successfully without willing accountants, who can use creative accounting to hide any money laundering outside the scope of company accounts. However, new money laundering regulations mean that accountants, and related professionals, are now supposed to report any fraud or money laundering wherever they find it, and this applies as much to illegal activity the UK as to anywhere else. Whilst securitization, which incorporates the use of SPEs for off-balance-sheet financing, has been extensively reviewed in recent years, there are still concerns over the extent to which off balance sheet financing can be abused, both in the UK and abroad. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently introduced new standards, and modified their existing standards, in order to more rigorously define the acceptable accounting treatments for securities. (Satava et al, 2003) Whilst some accountant and analysts are still hoping to move towards a single, global, set of accounting standards, this is likely to take several times. Other jurisdictions are also keen to create a globally accepted set of standards, and in the UK the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) is converging with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), commonly referred to as IAS, to minimise the extent to which off balance sheet financing can be practiced. Two other factors have combined with the restructuring of financial and other industries in a way that has placed additional stress on the corporate governance function, and off balance sheet transactions: greater complexity of business structures and greater emphasis on stock prices. In the last decade or so, business has experienced a surge of fluid organizational arrangements as well as a routinisation of complex transactions, with alliances, joint ventures, multifaceted sale arrangements and hybrid, structured finance arrangements becoming commonplace. (Monks and Minow, 2003) The net effect is the economic boundaries of the firm have become ambiguous and extremely fluid, a phenomenon reflected in the wonderfully euphemistic phrase â€Å"off balance-sheet financing,† where the firm structures transactions and relationships to avoid their explicit recognition in traditional accounting displays. A typical example is a firm that holds a portfolio of mortgages. It places the po rtfolio in a free-standing legal entity with distinctly limited scope, a Special Purpose Entity, but continues the transaction processing and possibly provides credit enhancements. In different variations, inventory, research and development or even rights to future revenue cash flows are parked in Special Purpose Entities (Griffiths, 1995). Reporting regulations allow the Special Purpose Entity to be kept off of the firms formal financial statements; as long as it is disclosed, provided substantive risk has been shifted to an independent third party. (Nelson, 2003) General Electric, an aggressive purveyor of these arrangements, for example, reports sponsored Special Purpose Entities with assets in excess of $50 billion in its 2001 financial report. The â€Å"independent third party† must have (among other things) a minimum of 3 percent ownership of the Special Purpose Entity’s equity and debt, although the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the US has recently tightened these requirements to resemble that of the UK. (Demski, 2003) However, Special Purpose Entities are only one aspect of this wave of organizational and financial innovation. This greater degree of complexity has interacted with a corporate governance environment that has been placing heightened emphasis on shareholder value (Nelson, 2003), including an explosion in the use of option-based compensation. A substantial portion of the greater complexity appears to be motivated by a concern for financial presentation, for example, â€Å"beautifying† ones balance sheet In some cases, the effect may be as simple as a matter of timing: for instance, the timing of selected expenditures and shipments can affect current period financial results, just as can the time at which a sale is formally booked or a loan is consummated. With the assistance of hybrid financial and organizational transactions, a lease can be structured so it does, or does not, show up on the lessees balance sheet, thereby affecting the total debt that a firm reports, through other methods than off-balance sheet financing. However, fundamentally, Enron, used Special Purpose Entities to di sguise significant amounts of debt as commodity prepay transactions. Through a series of circular or round-trip prepaid transactions, this Special Purpose Entity was the centerpiece in â€Å"allowing† Enron to borrow money but to record the amount borrowed as cash generated by operations, because prepaid commodity contracts are generally booked as trades, not loans, a distinction which would have been clearer in the UK (Deminski, 2003). 5. Are principle based types of accounting standard like FRS 5 more effective in dealing with accounting abuses than the more rule based standards of the US? Although the foundation of financial accounting and auditing has traditionally been based upon a rule based framework, the concept of a principle based approach has been periodically advocated since being incorporated into the AICPA Code of Conduct in 1989. Enron and similar events indicated that the accountants and auditors involved have followed rule based ethical perspectives, however these rule based standards have failed to protect investors from accounting abuses. Satava et al (2003) thus described how â€Å"rule based traditions of auditing became a convenient vehicle that perpetuated the unethical conduct of firms such as Enron and Arthur Andersen.† They presented a model of ten ethical perspectives and briefly described how these ten ethical perspectives impact rule based and principle based ethical conduct for accountants and auditors, concluding by identifying six specific suggestions that the accounting and auditing profession should consider to restore public trus t and to improve the ethical conduct of accountants and auditors. Their conclusions showed that principle based standards were less open to abuses that rule based standards, provided the principles were well defined. Indeed, the publication of a recent amendment to Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) 5 by Great Britains Accounting Standards Board, sought to clarify how to account for SPEs and similar entities, with emphasis on how the principles of the FRS 5 will apply to transactions conducted with these entities. Accountancy (2004) claimed that by publishing an amendment to FRS 5, the United Kingdom Accounting Standards Board was attempting to stop the flow of off balance sheet accounting, despite concerns expressed surrounding the amended FRS 5. The article provided information on an amendment to FRS 5, â€Å"Reporting the Substance of Transactions†, namely the addition of â€Å"Application Note G, Revenue Recognition†. The note has been prepared in response to the need for clarity in respect to questions that arise concerning the treatment of revenue and, in particular, the treatment of turnover. The amendment was published as an Exposure Draft in February 2003 for public comment and, in finalizing the document; the Accounting Standards Board took into consideration the comments received in response to the draft and has consulted interested parties. In FRS 5, in the list of contents immediately preceding the summary, the list of Application Notes is extended by adding at the end, G Revenue Recognition and sets out basic principles of transaction and revenue recognition which should be applied in all cases This thus has increased the extent to which the principle based accountancy legislation in the UK can control the extent of off balance sheet transactions, and correspondingly increased the necessary amount of disclosure. (Accountancy, 2004) However, it has been argued by some theorists that the reform efforts may have been unwise (Culp and Nickanen, 2003), due to a need to recognise that accounting is retrospective, and Enron’s problems were evident to investors if they used more forward looking information. The share price was declining long before the disclosures, quick surveys of four issues: the state of wholesale electric markets before and after Enron, the state of regulation of wholesale electric markets before and after Enron, online trading before and after Enron, and whether swaps need regulation, shows that accounting abuses must still have an underlying business reason. It has also been argued that Enrons use of special entities for off-balance-sheet financing is a perversion of a useful, and often appropriate, accounting technique and such perversions can equally be applied to other techniques under principle-based standards. Equally, it has been recognised that the latitude inherent in principles, or concepts, based standards can be a double-edged sword. â€Å"Such latitude allows managers to choose accounting treatments that reflect their informed understanding of the underlying economics of transactions.† (Nelson, 2003) This latitude, however, also permits managers to â€Å"advocate reporting treatments that do not reflect the underlying economics of a transaction.† (Maines et al, 2003) Both managers and accountants must have strong ethical principles in order for their accounting under principle based standards to reflect the true value of their business, especially in difficult times Both the SEC and the Auditing Standards Board in America support this view with their focus on the quality, as opposed to simply the acceptability, of financial reporting, as well as placing strong emphasis on â€Å"the need for expert judgment and unbiased reporting† (Maines et al, 2003) Concepts-based standards have the potential to promote the financial reporting goals of the regulatory bodies in ways that rules-based standards cannot. However, in order for this to happen, individuals must possess a conceptual framework for financial information in order to use this information appropriately in decision making. Principle-based standards reflect a more consistent application of conceptual framework, and thus enhance individuals’ understanding of the frameworks. Thus, a concepts based approach is consistent with the FASBs stated goal to â€Å"improve the common understanding of the nature and purposes of information contained in financial reports.† (Maines et al, 2003) Also, principle-based standards are consistent with the stated goal of the FASB to promote convergence of accounting standards worldwide. The European Commission has recently proposed that the U.S. abandon GAAP in favour of the more flexible IAS, which emphasizes ‘substance over form’ in auditors inspection of the accounts. (Ampofo and Sellani, 2005) As a result, a concepts-based approach likely will lead to greater agreement in standard setting between the FASB and IASB and thus will also promote international harmonization. (Maines et al, 2003) 6. What has been the overall impact on corporate reporting of Enron and other recent financial scandals? The events surrounding the demise of Enron have led to corporate reporting procedures being called into question all over the world. It resulted in critics questioning how adequate the disclosure legislation was at the time, and also to query how a major accounting firm could conduct independent audits of a firm they were engaged in major consulting work for, when the audit fees were tiny in comparison to the consulting fees. The â€Å"scandal threatened to undermine confidence in financial markets in the United States and abroad; and the accounting profession and regulatory bodies were forced to act.† (Swartz, 2005) In a characteristic move, the SEC and the public accounting profession were among the first to respond to the Enron crisis. In a piece for the Wall Street Journal, the SEC Chairman Harvey Pitt called the outdated reporting and financial disclosure system the financial â€Å"perfect storm.† (Thomas, 2002) He stated that â€Å"under the quarterly and annual reporting system in place at the time, information was often stale on arrival and mandated financial disclosures were often, ‘arcane and impenetrable’† (Thomas, 2002) In order to reassure investors and restore confidence in financial reporting, Pitt called for â€Å"a joint response from the public and private sectors to strengthen regulations and prevent a recurrence of these events.† (Thomas, 2002) As a result, since the Enron debacle, the global corporate reporting regulators were quick to move to stem the rising tide of public interest against their profession, displaying the banner â€Å"Enron: The AICPA, the Profession, and the Public Interest† on its Web site. (Shwarz, 2005) It announced the imminent issuance of an exposure draft on a new audit standard on fraud, the third in five years up to 2002, providing more specific guidance on corporate reporting standards than was found at the time in SAS no. 82, ‘Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit.’ The Institute also promised a â€Å"revised standard on reviews of quarterly financial statements,† (Thomas, 2002) as well as the issuance, in the second quarter of 2002, of an exposure draft of a standard to improve the audit, transaction reporting and disclosure process. The major piece of legislation to come out of the Enron scandal was the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) report, which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 in response to the demise of Enron and the WorldCom scandal. SOX requires firms to vouch for accounting controls and disclose weaknesses to shareholders, and almost all concerned parties have agreed that the SOX was a necessary and useful piece of legislation, that helped restore faith in U.S. companies and their financial statements. (Swartz, 2005) However, whilst no one disputes the benefits, business leaders have often complained that â€Å"the costs associated with Section 404 compliance are much higher than expected, and are an undue burden on most companies.† (Swartz, 2005) Many major companies, and some analysts, have criticised the large increases in auditing expenses, as these expenses create no direct value for businesses, and act to remove money from the economy which would otherwise be invested. Business lobbyists have a lso begun lobbying government bodies in the major financial centres, claiming that SOX slows business expansion and the growth in the number of available jobs (Swartz, 2005) The level of complaints from companies about the increased costs associated with the new corporate reporting standards prompted U. S. auditing regulators, in May 2005, to move to ease the auditing expenses companies were forced to engage in, however regulators also said that the law has greatly benefited investors and there is no need for the U.S. Congress to change it at this time. (Swartz, 2005) Despite the obvious benefits that the increased level of reporting and disclosure provides to investors, many companies have complained that the compliance costs are too high, and that auditors force them to go through expensive corporate reporting procedures that accomplished little than to line the auditor’s pockets. 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